A diode organic light emission, also known as OLED (English acronym: Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a diode that is based on an electroluminescent layer formed by a film of organic compounds that react with a particular electrical stimulation, generating and emitting light by themselves.
There are many different OLED technologies, as many as the great diversity of structures (and materials) have been able to develop (and implement) to contain and maintain the electroluminescent layer and the type of organic compounds used.
The main advantages of OLEDs are: lower cost, greater scalability, greater range of colors, more contrast and brightness, wide viewing angle, lower consumption and, in some technologies, flexibility. But degradation of OLED materials has limited its use at the moment. Currently being investigated to solve the problems, a fact that will make OLEDs a technology that can replace the current hegemony of LCD (TFT) and plasma screen.
Therefore, OLED can and will be used in all types of applications: television screens, computer screen, displays of portable devices (mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players ...), indicators or warning information, etc. . formats that under any design will range from quite small (2 ") to huge sizes (equivalent to being achieved with LCD). By the OLEDs can also create large or small advertising signs, as well as light sources for illuminate general spaces. In addition, some OLED technologies have the ability to have a flexible structure, which has already led to develop folding screens, and in the future may
There are many different OLED technologies, as many as the great diversity of structures (and materials) have been able to develop (and implement) to contain and maintain the electroluminescent layer and the type of organic compounds used.
The main advantages of OLEDs are: lower cost, greater scalability, greater range of colors, more contrast and brightness, wide viewing angle, lower consumption and, in some technologies, flexibility. But degradation of OLED materials has limited its use at the moment. Currently being investigated to solve the problems, a fact that will make OLEDs a technology that can replace the current hegemony of LCD (TFT) and plasma screen.
Therefore, OLED can and will be used in all types of applications: television screens, computer screen, displays of portable devices (mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players ...), indicators or warning information, etc. . formats that under any design will range from quite small (2 ") to huge sizes (equivalent to being achieved with LCD). By the OLEDs can also create large or small advertising signs, as well as light sources for illuminate general spaces. In addition, some OLED technologies have the ability to have a flexible structure, which has already led to develop folding screens, and in the future may
Basic Structure
An OLED consists of two thin organic layers: layer emission and conducting layer, which in turn are between a thin film that anode and another terminal as does the cathode. In general, these layers are made of molecules or polymers that conduct electricity. Their levels of conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, and therefore are called organic semiconductors (see polymer semiconductor).
The choice of organic materials and the structure of the layers determine the performance characteristics of the device: emitted color, lifetime and energy efficiency.
An OLED consists of two thin organic layers: layer emission and conducting layer, which in turn are between a thin film that anode and another terminal as does the cathode. In general, these layers are made of molecules or polymers that conduct electricity. Their levels of conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, and therefore are called organic semiconductors (see polymer semiconductor).
The choice of organic materials and the structure of the layers determine the performance characteristics of the device: emitted color, lifetime and energy efficiency.
Working principle applies
voltage across the OLED such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. This causes a stream of electrons flowing in this direction. Thus, the cathode gives electrons to the emission layer and anode layer abducts driving.
then the emission layer begins to negatively charged (excess electrons), while the layer is charged with driving holes (electron deficiency). Electrostatic forces attract the electrons and holes, with each other, and recombine (in the reverse charge would not have recombination and the device will not work). This happens more closely to the emission layer, because in organic semiconductors holes are more motivated than electrons (not the case in inorganic semiconductors).
Recombination is the phenomenon in which an atom captures an electron. This electron is passed from one layer to another lower higher energy, releasing energy equal to the difference between initial and final energies in the form of photon .
The recombination causes a radiation emission a frequency is in the visible region, and there is a point of light in a specific color. The sum of many of these recombinations that occur simultaneously is what we call image.
voltage across the OLED such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. This causes a stream of electrons flowing in this direction. Thus, the cathode gives electrons to the emission layer and anode layer abducts driving.
then the emission layer begins to negatively charged (excess electrons), while the layer is charged with driving holes (electron deficiency). Electrostatic forces attract the electrons and holes, with each other, and recombine (in the reverse charge would not have recombination and the device will not work). This happens more closely to the emission layer, because in organic semiconductors holes are more motivated than electrons (not the case in inorganic semiconductors).
Recombination is the phenomenon in which an atom captures an electron. This electron is passed from one layer to another lower higher energy, releasing energy equal to the difference between initial and final energies in the form of photon .
The recombination causes a radiation emission a frequency is in the visible region, and there is a point of light in a specific color. The sum of many of these recombinations that occur simultaneously is what we call image.
OLED operating principle: 1. Cathode (-), 2. Emission layer 3. Emission of radiation (light), 4. Conducting layer 5. Anode (+)
Key benefits OLEDs offer many advantages over LCDs, LEDs and plasma displays.
more thin and flexible. On the one hand, the organic layers of polymers or molecules in OLEDs are thin, light and more flexible than crystalline layers of an LED or LCD. Moreover, in some technologies the print media of OLEDs can be plastic, which provides flexibility for the rigidity of glass that supports the LCDs or plasma screens. Cheaper
in the future. In general, organic materials and plastic substrates will be much cheaper. Also, the manufacturing process of OLEDs can be used known inkjet technology (in English, known as inkjet), a fact that production costs decrease.
More brightness and contrast. The OLED pixels directly emit light. So, for LCDs allow a greater range of colors, brightness and contrast more and more viewing angle.
Less energy consumption. OLEDs do not require backlight technology, ie, a really off OLED element produces no light and no power, unlike LCDs can not show a true "black" and consuming power light up continuously. Thus, the OLED display images with less light output, and when fed from a battery can operate at length with the same load.
More scalability and new applications. The future ability to scale to large screens so far and collected by the LCDs and, above all, able to roll and fold the screen in some of OLED technologies that allow it opens the door to a whole new world of applications to come.
disadvantages and problems of short life times. The red and green OLED layers have long lifetimes (10,000 to 40,000 hours), but currently have very blue shorter duration (only 1,000 hours).
expensive manufacturing process. Currently most of OLED technology are under investigation, and manufacturing processes (especially initially) are economically elevated, unless with a commitment to a design that is used in economies of scale.
Water. The water can easily damage OLEDs permanently.
environmental impact. Organic compounds (molecules and polymers) has been that they are difficult to recycle (high cost, sophisticated techniques). This can cause an impact to environment very negative in the future.
The screens are suffering from a long-thinning process that seems endless. The plasma and LCD monitors have not finished yet fully replace the bulky tube televisions and we have to view the next revolution, the ultra-thin OLED screens. (Sony will begin to market this Christmas a television that does not exceed three millimeters in thickness based on this technology.)
OLED technology based on light emission from an organic diode that reacts to an electric current, experts say is more efficient, and allows you to build lighter and thinner screens than current ones. The problem, for now, seems to be making large monitors, such as those available in LCD and plasma.
The model that Sony will begin shipping in Christmas in Japan, called the XEL-1, have a size of 11 inches that will sell for 200,000 yen (1,218 euros). With it, the Japanese company to retrieve the industry's technological leadership. He is currently the second largest manufacturer of liquid crystal displays number of sales, behind South Korea's Samsung.
One of the great advantages of OLED displays is that, unlike LCD screens, require no backlighting, thereby reducing its size further. They also offer improved "image quality, viewing angle, response time and higher contrast ratio," according to a report from the firm DisplaySearch.
The same study found that the display market organic light emitting diode (OLED by its acronym in English) is booming and sales are expected to grow by 117 percent next year, as more key products such as mobile adopting mobile technology. Still, the problem of screen size is still present and slow the spread of OLED. "I do not will replace LCD overnight, "said Sony CEO Ryoji Chubachi, who nonetheless insists on the" great potential of this technology. "
Sony is not the only manufacturer that works with diodes Organic applied to television. Toshiba has announced it will begin to drop in stores OLED TVs in 2009.
OLED technology based on light emission from an organic diode that reacts to an electric current, experts say is more efficient, and allows you to build lighter and thinner screens than current ones. The problem, for now, seems to be making large monitors, such as those available in LCD and plasma.
The model that Sony will begin shipping in Christmas in Japan, called the XEL-1, have a size of 11 inches that will sell for 200,000 yen (1,218 euros). With it, the Japanese company to retrieve the industry's technological leadership. He is currently the second largest manufacturer of liquid crystal displays number of sales, behind South Korea's Samsung.
One of the great advantages of OLED displays is that, unlike LCD screens, require no backlighting, thereby reducing its size further. They also offer improved "image quality, viewing angle, response time and higher contrast ratio," according to a report from the firm DisplaySearch.
The same study found that the display market organic light emitting diode (OLED by its acronym in English) is booming and sales are expected to grow by 117 percent next year, as more key products such as mobile adopting mobile technology. Still, the problem of screen size is still present and slow the spread of OLED. "I do not will replace LCD overnight, "said Sony CEO Ryoji Chubachi, who nonetheless insists on the" great potential of this technology. "
Sony is not the only manufacturer that works with diodes Organic applied to television. Toshiba has announced it will begin to drop in stores OLED TVs in 2009.
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